Mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy, in various amounts, can be used to achieve this separation ( Ge et al., 2019 Lin et al., 2021 Dai et al., 2022). As a result, an appropriate advanced wastewater treatment system must be adopted to solve this ( Chiavola et al., 2014 Bai et al., 2019 Chen et al., 2022).įor instance, the process of pulping involves the separation the fibers and creation of a fiber suspension in water. Water recovery and reuse, on the other hand, can raise organic and inorganic concentrations, which can impact paper formation, increase the bacterial load, or cause corrosion and stink. As a result, the amount of wastewater emitted into the atmosphere will be reduced ( Liu et al., 2011 Fang et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2022). Only when wastewater is adequately treated, it can be successfully reused, reducing the amount of freshwater utilized. This exercise emphasizes the use of water and appropriate wastewater treatment procedures in the pulp and paper sector ( Irfan et al., 2022 Ali et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2022 Khan et al., 2022 Dagar et al., 2021c Dagar et al., 2022). Increased economic concerns and tight environmental rules arose as a result of the growing demand for freshwater. These industries require a large number of lignocellulosic plant components and utilize chemicals during the manufacturing process, and they are often considered polluting industries due to the large amount of waste material that enters the environment. Figure 1 depicts the pulp and paper industry’s production flow chart. Water is produced throughout the manufacturing process because of numerous activities such as wood preparation, pulping, pulp washing, bleaching, and coating processes. In terms of wastewater generation, the pulp and paper industry ranks third ( Liu et al., 2008 Ashrafi et al., 2015 Xu et al., 2022). It generates a huge number of pollutants because of pulping and manufacturing paper goods, the composition of which varies depending on the manufacturing method. The pulp and paper industry has long been regarded as one of the most significant consumers of natural resources, energy, and a major polluter of the environment. As a matter of fact, if the ETP is operated under optimal conditions, the aeration capacity is sufficient to effectively treat even higher BOD loads than the existing load.ġ. is sufficient to facilitate satisfactory removal of suspended matter in clarifiers and oxidation of biodegradable organic matter in aeration tank. The Effluent treatment plant (ETP) at Star Paper Mills Ltd. We examined the wastewater collected and evaluated from the paper mill by Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute (CPPRI). Approximately 85–90% of the fresh water utilized is wasted. High chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and low biodegradability are all characteristics of pulp and paper wastewater. We observed that the most common excess back water is from paper machines, bleach plant effluent, floor cleaning, and other sources of wastewater. The mill uses woody raw materials such as eucalyptus, poplar, and veener chips to manufacture a wide range of industrial and cultural grade papers, such as absorbent kraft, maplitho, azure lay, and copier. Saharanpur, UP to demonstrate the existing and advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. A study was conducted at Star Paper Mills Ltd. Whenever wastewater is generated, it should be treated in wastewater treatment plants prior to being released to the environment since it can be polluting and dangerous. This poses several problems regarding wastewater treatment, discharge, and sludge disposal. Paper mills generate large quantities of wastewater and sludge waste depending on the type of paper making processes employed. 2Environmental Management Division Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur, India.1Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Rohini, India. Sumit Dagar 1* Santosh Kumar Singh 1 Manoj Kumar Gupta 2
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